In many contexts, podman.sock can be used in place of docker.sock as podman should be able to have a translation layer for it (AFAIK). If Portainer and Uptime Kuma can, then Traefik should very likely have it.
When I start Portainer (for example), I can see the following in journalctl --user -xeu traefik.service:
Sep 04 14:16:05 podman traefik[226999]: 2025-09-04T14:16:05+03:00 DBG github.com/traefik/traefik/v3/pkg/provider/docker/pdocker.go:111 > Provider event received {Status:start ID:4e7d1057c3a6ff6af3d579e9b64b277e50e5d45081f18020df104930a313719e From:docker.io/portainer/portainer-ce:lts Type:container Action:start Actor:{ID:4e7d1057c3a6ff6af3d579e9b64b277e50e5d45081f18020df104930a313719e Attributes:map[PODMAN_SYSTEMD_UNIT:portainer-ce.service com.docker.desktop.extension.api.version:>= 0.2.2 com.docker.desktop.extension.icon:https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.cdn.digitaloceanspaces.com/logos/portainer.png com.docker.extension.additional-urls:[{"title":"Website","url":"https://www.portainer.io?utm_campaign=DockerCon&utm_source=DockerDesktop"},{"title":"Documentation","url":"https://docs.portainer.io"},{"title":"Support","url":"https://join.slack.com/t/portainer/shared_invite/zt-txh3ljab-52QHTyjCqbe5RibC2lcjKA"}] com.docker.extension.detailed-description:<p data-renderer-start-pos="226">Portainer’s Docker Desktop extension gives you access to all of Portainer’s rich management functionality within your docker desktop experience.</p><h2 data-renderer-start-pos="374">With Portainer you can:</h2><ul><li>See all your running containers</li><li>Easily view all of your container logs</li><li>Console into containers</li><li>Easily deploy your code into containers using a simple form</li><li>Turn your YAML into custom templates for easy reuse</li></ul><h2 data-renderer-start-pos="660">About Portainer </h2><p data-renderer-start-pos="680">Portainer is the worlds’ most popular universal container management platform with more than 650,000 active monthly users. Portainer can be used to manage Docker Standalone, Kubernetes and Docker Swarm environments through a single common interface. It includes a simple GitOps automation engine and a Kube API. </p><p data-renderer-start-pos="1006">Portainer Business Edition is our fully supported commercial grade product for business-wide use. It includes all the functionality that businesses need to manage containers at scale. Visit <a class="sc-jKJlTe dPfAtb" href="http://portainer.io/" title="http://Portainer.io" data-renderer-mark="true">Portainer.io</a> to learn more about Portainer Business and <a class="sc-jKJlTe dPfAtb" href="http://portainer.io/take-3?utm_campaign=DockerCon&utm_source=Docker%20Desktop" title="http://portainer.io/take-3?utm_campaign=DockerCon&utm_source=Docker%20Desktop" data-renderer-mark="true">get 3 free nodes.</a></p> com.docker.extension.publisher-url:https://www.portainer.io com.docker.extension.screenshots:[{"alt": "screenshot one", "url": "https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-1.png"},{"alt": "screenshot two", "url": "https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-2.png"},{"alt": "screenshot three", "url": "https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-3.png"},{"alt": "screenshot four", "url": "https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-4.png"},{"alt": "screenshot five", "url": "https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-5.png"},{"alt": "screenshot six", "url": "https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-6.png"},{"alt": "screenshot seven", "url": "https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-7.png"},{"alt": "screenshot eight", "url": "https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-8.png"},{"alt": "screenshot nine", "url": "https://portainer-io-assets.sfo2.digitaloceanspaces.com/screenshots/docker-extension-9.png"}] image:docker.io/portainer/portainer-ce:lts io.containers.autoupdate:registry io.portainer.server:true name:portainer-ce org.opencontainers.image.description:Docker container management made simple, with the world’s most popular GUI-based container management platform. org.opencontainers.image.title:Portainer org.opencontainers.image.vendor:Portainer.io podId: traefik.enable:true traefik.http.routers.portainer-ce.entrypoints:https traefik.http.routers.portainer-ce.rule:Host(`portainer.,mydomain.tld`) traefik.http.routers.portainer-ce.tls:true traefik.http.services.portainer-ce.loadbalancer.server.port:9443]} Scope:local Time:1756984565 TimeNano:1756984565263966577} providerName=docker
Sep 04 14:16:05 podman traefik[226999]: 2025-09-04T14:16:05+03:00 DBG github.com/traefik/traefik/v3/pkg/server/configurationwatcher.go:227 > Configuration received config={"http":{"middlewares":{"sslheader":{"headers":{"customRequestHeaders":{"X-Forwarded-Proto":"https"}}},"traefik-auth":{"basicAuth":{"users":["admin:$$apr1$$3aEToBAB$$nXV.5t.TOTTHviILG8mww."]}},"traefik-https-redirect":{"redirectScheme":{"scheme":"https"}}},"routers":{"portainer-ce":{"entryPoints":["https"],"rule":"Host(`portainer.,mydomain.tld`)","service":"portainer-ce","tls":{}},"traefik":{"entryPoints":["http"],"middlewares":["traefik-https-redirect"],"rule":"Host(`traefik.,mydomain.tld`)","service":"traefik"},"traefik-secure":{"entryPoints":["https"],"middlewares":["traefik-auth"],"rule":"Host(`traefik.,mydomain.tld`)","service":"api@internal","tls":{"certResolver":"cloudflare","domains":[{"main":",mydomain.tld","sans":["*.,mydomain.tld"]}]}}},"services":{"portainer-ce":{"loadBalancer":{"passHostHeader":true,"responseForwarding":{"flushInterval":"100ms"},"servers":[{"url":"http://10.89.0.6:9443"}],"strategy":"wrr"}},"traefik":{"loadBalancer":{"passHostHeader":true,"responseForwarding":{"flushInterval":"100ms"},"servers":[{"url":"http://10.89.0.5:80"}],"strategy":"wrr"}}}},"tcp":{},"tls":{},"udp":{}} providerName=docker
[...]
Sep 04 14:16:05 podman traefik[226999]: 2025-09-04T14:16:05+03:00 DBG github.com/traefik/traefik/v3/pkg/server/service/service.go:319 > Creating load-balancer entryPointName=https routerName=portainer-ce@docker serviceName=portainer-ce@docker
Sep 04 14:16:05 podman traefik[226999]: 2025-09-04T14:16:05+03:00 DBG github.com/traefik/traefik/v3/pkg/server/service/service.go:362 > Creating server URL=http://10.89.0.6:9443 entryPointName=https routerName=portainer-ce@docker serverIndex=0 serviceName=portainer-ce@docker
Sep 04 14:16:05 podman traefik[226999]: 2025-09-04T14:16:05+03:00 DBG github.com/traefik/traefik/v3/pkg/middlewares/observability/service.go:26 > Added outgoing tracing middleware entryPointName=https middlewareName=tracing middlewareType=TracingService routerName=portainer-ce@docker serviceName=portainer-ce@docker
Sep 04 14:16:05 podman traefik[226999]: 2025-09-04T14:16:05+03:00 DBG github.com/traefik/traefik/v3/pkg/middlewares/observability/router.go:37 > Added outgoing tracing middleware entryPointName=https middlewareName=tracing middlewareType=TracingRouter routerName=portainer-ce@docker serviceName=portainer-ce@docker
Sep 04 14:16:05 podman traefik[226999]: 2025-09-04T14:16:05+03:00 DBG github.com/traefik/traefik/v3/pkg/middlewares/observability/semconv.go:40 > Creating middleware entryPointName=https middlewareName=tracing middlewareType=SemConvServerMetrics routerName=portainer-ce@docker
Sep 04 14:16:05 podman traefik[226999]: 2025-09-04T14:16:05+03:00 DBG github.com/traefik/traefik/v3/pkg/middlewares/observability/entrypoint.go:37 > Creating middleware entryPointName=https middlewareName=tracing middlewareType=TracingEntryPoint routerName=portainer-ce@docker
[...]
Sep 04 14:16:05 podman traefik[226999]: 2025-09-04T14:16:05+03:00 DBG github.com/traefik/traefik/v3/pkg/server/router/tcp/manager.go:237 > Adding route for portainer.mydomain.tld with TLS options default entryPointName=https
So from what I can gather, Traefik does recognize and pull the configuration by the labels I’ve set in portainer-ce.container file.
I can’t even access Traefik’s dashboard, as highlighted in Unable to Login to the Dashboard - #2 by bluepuma77
I am assuming you’re talking about using wget https://portainer.mydomain.tld inside the container (or using the podman network IP address instead of the FQDN?) I’d appreciate it if you could elaborate further.