How to install / run plugin from file (offline)

Ok, will answer myself: the only way I found to do this is the local mode (already mentioned) - intended for development - the trick is to use a git clone to get the go-workspace, ie not to use the release archive. Also note that the plugins tag is replaced by localPlugins.

Static conf:

experimental:
  localPlugins:
    headerdump:
      moduleName: "github.com/jaybubs/headerdump"`

Dynamic conf:

middlewares:
    my-headerdump:
      plugin:
        headerdump:
          Prefix: HDlog
          TLS: "true"

Then add the my-headerdump middleware to the router with a label.

The directory struct in the traefik container needs to be:

/plugins-local/src/github.com/<plugin owner>/<output of git clone github.com/<plugin owner>/<plugin name>

/plugins-local/src/github.com/jaybubs/headerdump/...